Chaining On Uneven Or Sloping Ground

         Chaining is done on the ground between two points to measure the distance between them. But, it can not be done on the uneven ground there are some difference between uniform and uneven ground. Chaining in the uneven ground has some methods. There are two methods to find the horizontal distance between the points in the uneven ground. They are : (1) Direct method, (2)Indirect method.
             STEPPING METHOD:- In this method the distance between the points are measured in small horizontal stretches or steps.
         Let us consider a sloping ground and the horizontal distance is needed between the two station points A and B. Before measuring the distance between A and B, proper

ranging is completed. The follower then starts the work by holding the zero end of the tape at A. The leader chooses a suitable length AQ1 such that AQ1 is just horizontal. The horizontality is checked by eye judgment or by trisquare or by wooden set square. The point Q1' is marked on the ground by plumb-bob so that Q1 is just over Q1'. The horizontal distance AQ1 is recorded. Similarly the second distance is measured as Q1'Q2. Thus the entire distance up to B is measured and recorded. Then the total horizontal distance between AB is equal to AQ1 + Q1'Q2 + Q2'Q3 + Q3'Q4